| John Pople | |
|---|---|
| Born | 31 October 1925 Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England |
| Died | March 15, 2004 (aged 78) Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Nationality | England |
| Fields | Theoretical chemistry Quantum chemistry Computational chemistry |
| Alma mater | Cambridge University |
| Doctoral advisor | John Lennard-Jones |
| Doctoral students | A. David Buckingham |
| Known for | Computational methods in quantum chemistry |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1998) |
Sir John Anthony Pople, KBE, FRS, (October 31, 1925 – March 15, 2004)[1][2] was a Nobel-Prize winning theoretical chemist. Born in Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England, he attended Bristol Grammar School. He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1943. He received his B. A. in 1946. Between 1945 and 1947 he worked at the Bristol Aeroplane Company. He then returned to Cambridge University and was awarded his doctorate degree in mathematics in 1951. He moved to the United States of America in 1964, where he lived the rest of his life, though he retained British citizenship. Pople considered himself more of a mathematician than a chemist, but theoretical chemists consider him one of the most important of their number.[3]
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His scientific contributions are in four different areas:[4]
His early paper on the statistical mechanics of water, according to Michael J. Frisch, "remained the standard for many years.[4][5] This was his thesis topic for his Ph D at Cambridge supervised by John Lennard-Jones.[3]
In the early days of nuclear magnetic resonance he studied the underlying theory and coauthored a text book.[4][6]
He made major contributions to the theory of approximate molecular orbital (MO) calculations, starting with one identical to the one developed by Rudolph Pariser and Robert G. Parr on pi electron systems, and now called the Pariser-Parr-Pople method.[7] Subsequently, he developed the methods of Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap (CNDO) (in 1965) and Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap (INDO) for approximate MO calculations on three-dimensional molecules, and other developments in computational chemistry. He coauthored a book on these methods with David Beveridge.[8]
He pioneered the development of more sophisticated computational methods, called ab initio quantum chemistry methods, that use basis sets of either Slater type orbitals or Gaussian orbitals to model the wave function. While in the early days these calculations were extremely expensive to perform, the advent of high speed microprocessors has made them much more feasible today. He was instrumental in the development of one of the most widely used computational chemistry packages, the Gaussian suite of programs, including coauthorship of the first version, Gaussian 70.[9] One of his most important original contributions is the concept of a model chemistry whereby a method is rigorously evaluated across a range of molecules.[4][10] He instigated the quantum chemistry composite methods such as Gaussian-1 (G1) and Gaussian-2 (G2). He was a founder of the Q-Chem computational chemistry program.[11]
After obtaining his Ph D, he was a research fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge and then from 1954 a lecturer in the mathematics faculty at Cambridge. In 1958, he moved to the National Physical Laboratory, near London as head of the new basics physics division. In 1964 he moved to Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he had experienced a sabbatical in 1961 to 1962. In 1993 he moved to Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois where he was Trustees Professor of Chemistry until his death.[12]
He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998.[13] He was made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1961. He was made a Knight Commander (KBE) of the Order of the British Empire in 2003. He was a founding member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science.
An IT room and a scholarship are named after him at Bristol Grammar School, as is a supercomputer at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center.
He was married to Joy Bowers from 1952 until her death from cancer in 2002. Pople died of liver cancer in Chicago in 2004. He was survived by his daughter Hilary, and sons Adrian, Mark and Andrew.[14] In accordance with his wishes, Pople's Nobel Medal was given to Carnegie Mellon University by his family on October 5, 2009.
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